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How body ideals shape the health of gay men

- January 8, 2019

Body ideals can often lead gay men into feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem and depression. The photographer captioned this image, ‘You just want to go in the fetal position and you kind of feel alone.’ - Moe (Author provided photo)
Body ideals can often lead gay men into feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem and depression. The photographer captioned this image, ‘You just want to go in the fetal position and you kind of feel alone.’ - Moe (Author provided photo)

is a PhD candidate in Health at . is an Assistant Professor in the School of Health and Human Performance. This article was originally published on , which features includes relevant and informed articles, written by researchers and academics in their areas of expertise and edited by experienced journalists.

Gay men currently when it comes to health issues such as eating disorders and other body image concerns. Yet , as the western ideal masculine body is .

Evidence also indicates that there are relating to nutrition and obesity, and that can improve overall health outcomes for gay men.

Our research shows that social demands placed upon gay men to eat healthily and achieve a perfect body are linked to anxiety and depression and have serious mental health consequences. And that health researchers and practitioners need to among diverse groups of men through conversations, connections and support.

‘Find your place in life that you are no longer judged.’ (Ralph), Author provided

In our study, carried out at ¼ϲʿֱ, gay men explored how culture influences the way they think about food and their bodies through a process called — an in which participants submit their own photographs.

Nine self-identified gay men photographed various aspects of their lives relating to their experiences with food, body image and health. Guided by their photos, they talked about their struggles with body image and the strategies that have helped them overcome negative health issues associated with trying to have the “perfect” body.

Tic Tacs and musclar bodies


The way within Canadian culture influences whether it, and the people consuming it, are labelled as and morally good or bad.

In this research, participants viewed food as a way to socialize and connect with other gay men. They also found it to be a source of stress, as they try to live up to idealized body standards within gay culture.

I am bombarded with lifestyles, aesthetics and bodies that gay men are pressured and expected to emulate to be attractive, worthy and happy.’ (Ryan), Author provided

Participants reflected on how various forms of media reinforced certain body types and influenced their thoughts on food.

One participant talked about the hit reality TV show, RuPaul’s Drag Race. In this show, the top three contestants have lunch with the host, during which a single Tic Tac is served. For this participant, this scene highlights the need for gay men to be “as thin as humanly possible.”

But gay men also need to be strong with highly toned bodies. Participants talked about the immense pressures to showcase muscular bodies on social media, such as Facebook, Instagram and gay dating apps. At the same time, they recognized that the cultural expectations placed upon them are unrealistic.

‘No one is going to love you’


The health consequences for gay men of not living up to body ideals have been previously identified and include , , stigma, .

The men in this study talked about how constantly thinking about food and body ideals often leads to losing themselves in feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, low self-esteem and depression.

‘I’m always uncomfortable even in disguise, even though I know my body doesn’t need validation.’ (Oliver), Author provided

Participants similarly talked about dating and believed they needed an ideal muscular body to attract other men. One man discussed his fears of being fat, saying “no one is going to want to have sex with you…be in a relationship with you… no one is going to love you.”

The idea that being fat means being alone is a social discourse reinforced through media.

Others discussed the pressures to maintain a perfect body even within their current relationships. They commented that .

For every pot there is a lid


Participants still struggled even after losing weight and building muscles. However, they did provide suggestions from their own experiences to help other men.

‘I relate it to comfort food.’ (Moe), Author provided

Their ideas included increasing the portrayal of diverse bodies within media, finding supportive people and engaging in communities that celebrate all body types. They also encouraged engaging in social conversations that allow men to be open to the possibilities of dating others outside the narrow ideals of fit and muscular bodies.

Sharing their ideas allowed the participants to see through the “bull” of rigid beauty standards.

Working through their anxiety and concerns was a personal journey. It was about recognizing that for “every little pot there is a little lid” or, in other words, even though their bodies may not be socially “perfect” there can still be health, happiness and love for them.

The participants will be in an art show on Jan. 10, 2019, in Halifax.The Conversation

Read the on The Conversation.

¼ϲʿֱ is a founding partner of The Conversation Canada, an online media outlet providing independent, high-quality explanatory journalism. Originally established in Australia in 2011, it has had more than 85 commissioning editors and 30,000-plus academics register as contributors. A full list of articles written by ¼ϲʿֱ academics can be found on .